Anorexia and Heart Problems: The Hidden Risk to the Heart
The relationship between anorexia and heart problems, such as bradycardia, heart failure and sudden death. Discover its effects and how to prevent complications.
The Impact of Anorexia on the Heart
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with serious consequences for the body. Among the most dangerous complications are cardiac problems.
Studies have shown that severe malnutrition associated with AN causes structural and functional alterations in the heart, including bradycardia, reduced left ventricular mass and risk of sudden death.
Changes in the Heart due to Anorexia
People with anorexia nervosa have reduced left ventricular mass, lower cardiac output and a higher incidence of pericardial effusions (accumulation of fluid around the heart).
These changes can be reversed with weight regain, but in severe cases, they can lead to permanent complications.
Most Common Signs in Anorexia and Heart Problems
One of the most common signs in patients with AN is sinus bradycardia (abnormally slow heartbeat), caused by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. This disturbance can increase the risk of syncope (fainting) and serious arrhythmias.
Warning signs: How to know if the heart is in danger?
People with anorexia and heart problems usually have the following signs:
- Extreme fatigue and weakness.
- Dizziness and fainting.
- Cold hands and feet.
- Irregular or very slow heartbeat.
- Shortness of breath.
If these symptoms occur, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately.
Can the Heart Recover After Anorexia?
Recovery of the heart depends on the severity of the damage and how quickly body weight is regained. Reintroduction of feeding should be done in a controlled manner to avoid refeeding syndrome, which can cause serious complications.
It is recommended to maintain continuous follow-up with:
- Regular cardiological evaluations.
- Eating plans supervised by nutritionists.
- Psychological and psychiatric support for complete recovery.
Written by: Nutritionist Andrés Izurieta
Bibliographic citations:
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Adults With Anorexia Nervosa. The American journal of cardiology. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35597626/
Chan JKN, Correll CU, Wong CSM, Chu RST, Fung VSC, Wong GHS, et al. Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in people with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 2023.
Cardiac involvement and its clinical significance in patients with anorexia nervosa. European journal of pediatrics [Internet]. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37934282/
